Why do we add Preferred Stock to get to Enterprise Value?

• A. Because preferred stock yields fixed dividends.
• B. Because preferred stock is the same as common stock.
• C. Because preferred stock increases cash.
• D. Because preferred stock pays a fixed dividend and has higher claim; treated as debt.

Answer: (D)

Enterprise Value measures the value of a company to all providers of capital, not just the equity holders. Preferred stock is a financing instrument that carries a fixed dividend and has priority over common equity in liquidation, so it behaves more like debt than ordinary equity. Because a buyer would assume these fixed obligations and the higher claim on assets, preferred stock is added to debt when calculating EV. It isn’t cash, and it isn’t the same as common stock, so those reasons don’t justify excluding it. The fixed dividend and senior claim make preferred stock part of the capital stack that the buyer must cover, which is why it’s included in Enterprise Value.